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  • The Short Singapore was a British multi-engined biplane flying boat built after the First World War. The design was developed into two four-engined versions: the prototype Singapore II and production Singapore III. The latter became the Royal Air Force's main long-range maritime patrol flying boat of the 1930s and saw service against the Japanese with the Royal New Zealand Air Force during the Second World War.
    Design and development
    The first prototype of the Short Singapore, also known as the Short S.5 (military designation Singapore I), was a metal hull version of the wooden-hulled Short Cromarty. The biplane design included a single fin and rudder, and was originally powered by two Rolls-Royce Condor IIIA 650 horsepower (480 kW) engines. Its maiden flight was made from Rochester on 17 August 1926, piloted by Short's Chief Test Pilot John Lankester Parker.

    I N179
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    The type did not enter production, but was used by Sir Alan Cobham for a survey flight around Africa. Registered G-EBUP, it left Rochester on 17 November 1927 and arrived at the Cape on 30 March 1928, returning to Rochester on 4 June 1928. It was displayed at the Olympia in July 1929.
    EBUP
    The Singapore II (manufacturer's designation Short S.12) which followed was a development of the Singapore I with four engines, mounted in tractor/pusher pairs (better known as the push-pull configuration). The single example of this aircraft to be built was first flown on 27 March 1930, also by John Lankester Parker.
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    II N246
    From the Singapore II came a design with four engines and triple fins. In 1933 the British Air Ministry ordered four flying boats based on the Singapore II for trials with squadrons under specification R.3/33. These would be followed by a further production order to specification R.14/34. These aircraft, the Singapore III (manufacturer's designation Short S.19), had all-metal hulls and fabric-covered metal flying surfaces. They were powered by four 675 hp (503 kW) Rolls-Royce Kestrel IX mounted between the wings in two tandem push-pull pairs, similar to the Singapore IIs. The crew of six was located in a central cabin and fore, aft, and midships open gun positions (Vickers machine gun or Lewis gun). A long-range fuel tank could be carried externally on the dorsal hull. The first Singapore III flew on 15 June 1934. Although obsolescent by the time the first aircraft entered service with 210 Squadron in January 1935, the type arrived just in time to benefit from the arms race of the late 1930s and 37 were built. Production terminated in June 1937.
    Operational history
    230 Squadron was the first squadron equipped with Singapore IIIs. It was posted to Alexandria in 1935. During 1937 the Singapores of 209 Squadron and 210 Squadron moved from RAF Kalafrana in Malta to Algeria as part of an international effort to prevent gun running during the Spanish Civil War.

    Replacement of the Singapore with the Short Sunderland was well underway by the outbreak of the Second World War. However, 19 survivors saw limited service in secondary theatres, mainly in a training role. The last RAF unit operating the type was No. 205 Squadron RAF in Singapore which relinquished its aircraft in October 1941. Four 205 squadron aircraft found their way to No. 5 Squadron RNZAF in Fiji, for use against German raiders. When Japan attacked in December, the New Zealand aircraft found themselves in the front line. They accounted for a Japanese submarine and conducted several air-sea rescues before being replaced by the Consolidated Catalinas from No. 6 Squadron RNZAF in April 1943.
    12 Singapore II
    Short Singapore III
    Short Singapore III Flying Boat Of 230 Squadron At Alexandria
    Short Singapore III K3592 205 Sq
    Short Singapore III Flyingboats 205 Sq
     209 Squadron RAF Plymouth
    Singapore III K8856 Plymouth May 1937
    Singapore III 230 Squadron RAF
    Short Singapore III 1RMKNRfAA6Pn8Zx6BH3Nnw
    Below RNZAF




    Specifications (Singapore III)
    General characteristics
    Crew: 6–7
    Length: 64 ft 2 in (19.56 m)
    Wingspan: 90 ft 0 in (27.43 m)
    Height: 23 ft 6 in (7.16 m)
    Wing area: 1,465 sq ft (136.1 m2)
    Empty weight: 20,364 lb (9,237 kg)
    Gross weight: 28,160 lb (12,773 kg) (normal weight)
    Max takeoff weight: 32,390 lb (14,692 kg) (max overload)
    Fuel capacity: 786 imp gal (944 US gal; 3,570 L) normal, 1,266 imp gal (1,520 US gal; 5,760 L) overload
    Powerplant: 4 × Rolls-Royce Kestrel VIII/IX liquid-cooled V12 engines (pusher/tractor configuration), 610 hp (450 kW) (derated) - at 4,500 ft (1,400 m) each
    Performance
    Maximum speed: 136 mph (219 km/h, 118 kn) at 5,000 ft (1,520 m) and normal weight
    Cruise speed: 104 mph (167 km/h, 90 kn) (econ. cruise, max weight)
    Range: 1,000 mi (1,600 km, 870 nmi)
    Endurance: 11.9 hr (at econ cruise)
    Service ceiling: 14,800 ft (4,500 m)
    Time to altitude: 7 min to 5,000 ft (1,520 m)
    Armament
    Guns: 3× 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis guns in nose, waist and tail positions
    Bombs: Up to 1,100 pounds (500 kg) of bombs under wings
     

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